Process of destructive distillation of wood.



No. $811,456.4 l PATENTED FEBz, 1908.

T. W. PRITGHARD. PROCESS 0F DESTRUGTIVE DISTILLATION OPWOOD.

'- APPLICATION FILED AUG. 9, 1906.`

Il 1 me 1 to@ STAES saresti ostains...

maman rarrcniian; 'os 'WILMINciioir NORTH casomai, AssIoNos or onsn To einen. Micasa, 'or WisaiNc'roN, Dis'raicfr on COLUMBA, AND H. M. CHASE, v

Specification of AApplituition tiled mgnet 9. 1G96. Serial No. 329929.

Leiters Patent. Patentes ses. as, isos.

llc izi'wtom it may cof/wem:

` it known that viHoMss Winamax' ano, 'a citizen of the United States, t "ifi'ii on., in the county of New th Caroiina, have inw and nseiui improvements Destructive Distiilation, ot' sich the following is a descripbeing lhad to the laccompanyl, i'orini'ng apart hereof. ion reiates to the distillation oi i reiates'particniarly to a process .is particuiarly adapted for the distiiiation of ine wood by the tiirpentine and ot er voiatilc oils driven ofi' independentiy Without the ine and iighter oils being contamiii with the less volatile enipyreumatic, cssentiei oils or other matter which aid tend to impart an Iobjectionable odor otherwise injuriouslyaiiect the market vaine of the turpentine or other ii liter oils.

in the destructive distillation o pine Wood a retort exposed to the direct heat of a fire 'iio'spirits oitnrpentine saiabie as such is produced. The turperitine produced is mixed with empyreumatic and essential oils and probabiy "with extract matter, giving it a woody odor distinctly different from that oiA pure spirits of turpentine.l rl `his odor cannot ce eliminated except by refiningwith caustic soda by which the siccative qualities of the turpentine are also eliminated7 leavingv a product known on the market as wood tur- .pe11tine, which commands a price considerabiy less than that of pure turpentine.

' So far as I am aware, no turpentine salable as such on the market is produced by any process of destructive distillation of Wood {nowri or practiced before my present invention.

in the drawings, Figure 1 is a ve'rtical sectional View of an apparatus embodying my invention and adapted to carry out my rocand Fig. -2 is a plan view party in '.ntei section of the apparatus shown in teierring to the drawins which are in tended to be understood as iiiustrative merely and not as limiting the invention to the construction or arrangement. shown, A irisd 'i the retort'whichmay' be of any de-.

. ed shave one end an opening, closed by a? door i3, through which oars C, carrying the wood vto be treat-ed, may be introduced on tracks D. The retort instead oi being formed iisnaily the case of a shell oi' sheet iron stef which direct heat of a fire is applied, co.: of an outer sheil A of any convenient metal and an inner sheil A2 oi non-corredilfic niaterial, )refers-bly copper, si arated 'from the outer Slieil bya space il), thi. inner shcil being suitably braced from the outer shell.

From the top of the inner shcl A leads the outlet pipe F, for the iighter products of distillation, this pipe leading to a condensing worin G suitably cooled as by piccini; it in a tank i supplied with cool Water. From the inner sh-eliat some point near its -lowest point leads an outiet i for resin, tar or other rei ively non-volatile liquidproducts.

The retort is suitably supported any convenient way, but instead voi" being heated directly by fire is heated by a liquid circulating in the space E between the inner and outer shells A and A2. The liquid preferably used for this purpose is a heavy petroe ieurn oil',.whichis non-voiatiie at a temperature higher than that necessary for the carbonization of Wood. For bringing the heating menstruum to the temperature re aired, i provide a furnace J located at a suita ie distance from the retort and having therein a coil K connected at one end by a pipe L with the space E, between the shells A and A2, at or near the lowest point of the sheii and connected at its other end through a pipe ivi with the space E near the too of the retort. in the pipe M is interpose a circniatin 9c pump N, The pipes L and M are provide with siftable valves for controiiing the iioQ-v I of liquid and a valve controlled by-pass O A)feti/veen the two pipes is provided.

Nliile the apparatus as above described is 9,5 sufficient to carry out my process, so i'ar as the-heating of the retort is concerned, i prefer to provide means as shown in Fig. 2A for quickly cooling the retort by .pumping oli the hot oil or other heating liquid and pumping 100 cool oil or other ii uid into the space This is readily rovi ed for by having atani: vP to receive t e hot oii suitably connected. .with the pipes L and M and a tank- Qior. cold.

, but is hete @own as having at oil and also suitably connected'with the 'pi es 105 L and M, so that after pumping ont the iiot the run mcy be mede et a. comparative'.

slow temperature end the heet gradually increased until ell of the Voletile rnstters have been driven By sus regulating the tenipcreture ell of the turpentine may be driven cti es 'turpentine Without any disasse- 'cietion oi its eiernents, such as would )be caused by too greet e liest and without drivz in@ ed with it eny ci thesubstsnces which "vo etilize only nt e temperature above that st wliichthe tuiientine Voiatilizes.-

By the use of e ncnecorrodible material for.

the inner shell i? oi thercftort, l am able to v obtain products materially lighter in color thsncen be secured in an iron or steel retort. In sniron or steelretort 'the acetic or tennic ecids present to slight extent e. )peer to etmet'. the iron 'with the result of icrming ink which steine or dsrlens the productsi peroif. Y l sin, oi' course, sweise thet Witter je 'reted kettles and ster-tm jeciieted kettle-s here been used 'for ferions purposes 'and I ein also swore that 'copper kettles or retcrts here been used for many urposes, but so for l. :ini aware, no retort lleeted by e lic uid copeble oi' being rsised to e host above toet necesi sary for the 'csrbonization of Wood has been used in the destructive distillation ci wood.

in the operation of my invention, the filled retort is iirst brought to and maintained at s heat of from 250 to 380o F. until the Vturpentlne and Weteris driven oi, this first run. consisting of pure turpentine onderstel', the turpentine being practically not to be distinguished from' the spirits of turpentlne distilled. frein. the crude turpentinc collected pine trees, and theyvcter being clear iroro the end without scid. The second run et a tempereture offrom 380 F. to 480 F. consists of e light smber 'coloredoih which by 're-distillotionmeybe sepersted into e certain percentsge of turpentine containing empyreunmtic end essentlel ons not unlike the best product produced by' the processes of destructive dis- ,b tillatlon in use crier to my present lnvention,

and s'hesvier oil of clear reddish brown color end mildcdor heretofore unlmown to the art. The third: run at s temperature of from 480 i?. to 5200 TF. consists o s heavy brown visoid oil son'srently c very high grodeoil of tar or ter oil.

ticolerly those which ere more sowlj.'"driven` .it will be u, derstt cdftust the heet is grado? sconceslly raised as. the successive fractional disd tillates are driven oil.A After the run passes off, the liquid resldnum remaining 1n the retort is drown o through the outlet/.

'l` his consists of rosin and ter. Vlhen this is drawn oil, there is left in the retort often come Fletion of the process of distillation more or sisting in subjecting the Wood in s closed ref tort or still 'to a degree of heatsufficient to extract the tur entine 'sind resin 'and less than Will cause t e creosote and pyroligneou scid of the Wood to combine with the tur 'gentille to en appreciable degree, said heet i eing derived from a non-congeclsble heated/Q3@ iluid having o. boiling polntin excess'. of the' temperature-necessary to extract the turpentineund positivel circulating seid out oft-.ontectwith t 'e Wood,4 substantially; as described.

2. The within process for the 'distillotienv l'- of Wood to extract turpentine and resin con--` sisting insubjecting thewoodin c closed re#- tort or still to e degree of heat suiicient to extract the tur entin'e and resin and less than will cause t iecreosote and yroligneous scid of the wood to combine Wit vthe tur-pom tine to en sppreciable degreeysoid heat bem derived from a non-congealeble heated ui haring a boilingpoint in excess of the tem#- peinture necessary to extracty the iturpen* tine, circulating scid fluid out of contact with the Wood, and rcguletingthe tern ereture of the retort by 'regulating the spec of circulo.- tion ciI the -lluid substantially as described.

3. The within process for the distillation of wood to extract turpentine and resin consisting in subjecting` the Wood'in aclosed retort' to degree ofheat suiilcient to extract *the turpentine and resinr and less thany will cause the creosotennd pyroligneous acid to combine with the turpentine to an appreciable degree,

said heatbcing derived from o .non-congedi. -I

able heated Huid having a boiling point in excess of 400 deg-rees F. and positively oircuw loting scid fini out of Contact with the Wood, I

substantially as described.

fl. A/process for the recovery of turpentine und other volatile oils from Wood, consisting in placing the Wood in a. retort, heating the contents of the retort e ueblythroughout y. a positively moved eatedstream of liquid which is non-volatile at the tempera' tures necessary to effect the distillation, irst raising the contents. of the retort to a regu# lated temperture suiiicientto drive ofi the turpentine without Vaporizin the less voletile oils, and maintaining sucli temperature until'the turpentine is driven oiii, and irb- ,creesing the heat-to .c-temperaiture suicient to drive olf the lighter oils Without vaporiz-- ing the tar oils and maintaining such tempereture until such lighter oils aredriven oil.

5. A process for the recovery of turpentine and other volatile oils from vfood consisting in placing the wood in a retort, heating the.

contents of the retort equably throughout by a positively moved heated stream of liquid which is non-volatile at the temperature necessary for the destructive distillation of Wood, rst raising the contents of the retort 'toa regulated temperature sufficient to drive 0S the turpentine without vaporizing the less volatile oils and maintaining such tem sists in piscine the wood in a retort, heating vf the retort by Iorcioly circulating about it a heated liquid, whereby the contents of the retort are equahly heated throughout,- maintaining the contents of the retort at a tem- 5 perature not exeedin'g 380 F. until the turl pentine is driven oiifraising the contents of i the retort to not exceeding 480 F. and maintaining such temperature until the lighter;

oils are drivenioti. i 7. A process for the'necovery of turpentine l and other .volatile oils from Wood, consisting E in planing the Wood in a retort, heating the l contents of the retort by orciblyfcirculati'ng l aboutit a heated liquid, whereby Ythe contents 701" the retort are e uably heated throughout, maintaining the eat at a teinperature not'exceeding 380 F. until the turl pentine is driven off, raising the heat to a temperature not exceeding 480 F. and main-- itainmg it at such tem erature until the i lighter oils are driven o and subsequently raising the heat to a temperature -above l 480 F. and maintainin it at such temperal: ture until theheavier e' s are driven o'. This s ecirication s' ed land witnessed i this `7th t ay of August i D. 1906.

rTHOMAS WILLIAM PRITCHARD.

In the presence of- E. W. Cam', A. P. GREELEY. 

